Smoking and Male-Pattern Hair Loss: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Reveals Significant Associations and Implications for Clinical Practice
Men who engage in smoking are at a heightened risk of developing and witnessing the advancement of male-pattern hair loss, also known as androgenetic alopecia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by investigators, utilizing data from 4462 men across eight observational studies conducted in Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
The primary focus was on assessing the incidence and progression of male-pattern hair loss in relation to smoking habits. Compared to men who never smoked, those who had a history of smoking were found to be 82% more likely to experience male-pattern hair loss (P < .05). Additionally, there was an indication of a dose-response relationship, with men who smoked heavily (at least 10 cigarettes daily) having a 96% higher likelihood of developing the condition compared to those who smoked less heavily (P < .05).
Among men already experiencing male-pattern hair loss, the odds of progressing from stage I-III to stage IV-VII were 27% higher in individuals with a history of smoking compared to those who never smoked (P < .05). Interestingly, smoking intensity did not show a significant association with disease progression.
This study, the first meta-analysis to the best of our knowledge examining the correlation between androgenetic alopecia and smoking extent, provides valuable insights for further research and potential updates to clinical practice guidelines. It underscores the importance of educating patients with male pattern baldness about the adverse effects of smoking, particularly considering the profound negative psychological impact associated with this condition.
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